Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira noocyo badan oo caadi ah oo ah shaabado laastikada ah oo hal-qayb ka shaqeeya oo firfircoon, gaar ahaan alaabada shaabado silicone iyo polyurethane. Noocyada kala duwan ee shaabado laastikada ah waxay ku kala duwan yihiin kooxahooda firfircoon ee shaqeynaya iyo qaab-dhismeedka silsiladda ugu weyn ee la daaweeyay. Natiijo ahaan, waxaa jira xaddidaadyo badan ama ka yar qaybaha iyo goobaha khuseeya. Halkan, waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa hababka daaweynta ee dhowr shaabado laastikada ah oo hal-qayb ka shaqeeya oo caadi ah waxaanan isbarbar dhigeynaa faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka noocyada kala duwan ee shaabado laastikada ah, si loo xoojiyo fahamkeenna oo aan u sameyno doorashooyin ku habboon codsiyada wax ku oolka ah.
1. Habka daaweynta shaabadaysan ee laastikada ah ee hal-qaybood leh ee caadiga ah
Shaabadaha laastikada ee hal-qaybood leh ee caadiga ah waxaa inta badan ka mid ah: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), polyurethane-ka wax laga beddelay ee silyl-ended (SPU), polyether-ka silyl-endated (MS), prepolymer-ku wuxuu leeyahay kooxo firfircoon oo kala duwan iyo farsamooyin kala duwan oo falcelin ah oo daaweyn ah.
1.1Habka daaweynta ee shaabadaysanka silikoonka elastomer
Jaantuska 1. Habka daaweynta shaabadeynta silikoonka
Marka la isticmaalo shaabadeeyayaasha silikoon, prepolymer-ku wuxuu la falgalaa xaddi yar oo qoyaan ah oo hawada ku jira ka dibna wuu adkeeyaa ama wuu burburiyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo fal-gal kaaliyayaasha. Waxyaabaha ka soo baxa waa walxo yaryar oo molecular ah. Habka waxaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 1. Sida laga soo xigtay walxaha molecular-ka yar yar ee la sii daayo inta lagu jiro bogsashada, shaabadeeyaha silikoon waxaa sidoo kale loo qaybin karaa nooca deacidification, nooca deketoxime, iyo nooca dealcoholization. Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka noocyadan xabagta silikoon waxaa lagu soo koobay Shaxda 1.
Shaxda 1. Isbarbardhigga faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka noocyada kala duwan ee dhejisyada silikoonka
1.2 Habka daaweynta shaabadeynta laastikada polyurethane
Shaabad-sameeyaha polyurethane-ka ah (PU) waa nooc ka mid ah polymer-ka oo ka kooban qaybaha urethane ee soo noqnoqda (-NHCOO-) ee silsiladda ugu weyn ee molecule-ka. Habka daaweynta ayaa ah in isocyanate uu la falgalo biyaha si uu u sameeyo carbamate dhexdhexaad ah oo aan degganayn, kaas oo markaa si dhakhso ah u burbura si uu u soo saaro CO2 iyo amine, ka dibna amine-ku wuxuu la falgalaa isocyanate xad-dhaaf ah oo ku jira nidaamka, ugu dambayntiina wuxuu sameeyaa elastomer oo leh qaab-dhismeed shabakadeed. Qaaciddada falcelinta daaweynta waa sidan soo socota:
Jaantuska 1. Habka daaweynta falcelinta ee shaabadeynta polyurethane
1.3 Habka daaweynta ee shaabadeynta polyurethane ee silane-ka wax laga beddelay
Jaantuska 3. Habka daaweynta falcelinta ee shaabadeynta polyurethane ee silane-ka wax laga beddelay
Marka la eego cilladaha qaar ee shaabadeeyayaasha polyurethane, polyurethane dhawaan waxaa wax ka beddeshay silane si ay u diyaariso dhejisyo, iyagoo samaynaya nooc cusub oo dhejis ah oo leh silsilad weyn oo qaab-dhismeedka polyurethane ah iyo koox dhammaad alkoxysilane ah, oo loo yaqaan shaabadeynta polyurethane-modified silane (SPU). Falcelinta daaweynta ee noocan shaabadeysan waxay la mid tahay tan silicone, taas oo ah, kooxaha alkoxy waxay la falgalaan qoyaanka si ay u maraan hydrolysis iyo polycondensation si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeed shabakad saddex-geesood ah oo Si-O-Si deggan (Jaantuska 3). Meelaha isku xidhka shabakadda iyo inta u dhaxaysa qodobbada isku xidhka waa qaab-dhismeedyo qaybo dabacsan oo polyurethane ah.
1.4 Habka daaweynta shaabadaha polyether-ka ee silily-ka ah
Shaabad-sameeyaha polyether-ka ee silyl-endated (MS) waa isku-dhejin laastikada ah oo hal qayb ka ah oo ku salaysan wax-ka-beddelka silane. Waxay isku daraysaa faa'iidooyinka labadaba polyurethane iyo silicone, waa jiil cusub oo ah alaabada shaabad-sameeyaha dhejiska ah, oo aan lahayn PVC, saliid silicone, isocyanate iyo dareere. Xabagta MS waxay la falgashaa qoyaanka hawada heerkulka qolka, si polymer-ka silanized-ka ah ee leh qaab-dhismeedka -Si(OR) OR -SIR (OR)- loo biyo-shubo dhammaadka silsiladda oo loo isku xidho elastomer-ka leh qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda Si-O-Si si loo gaaro saameynta shaabadeynta iyo isku-xidhka. Habka falcelinta bogsashada waa sida soo socota:
Jaantuska 4. Habka daaweynta shaabadeynta polyether-ka ee silil-ka la joojiyay
2. Isbarbardhigga faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka shaabadaha laastikada ee hal-qaybood leh ee caadiga ah
2.1 Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka shaabadeeyayaasha silikoon
⑴Faa'iidooyinka shaabadaysan silikoon:
① Iska caabbinta cimilada oo aad u fiican, iska caabbinta oksijiinta, iska caabbinta ozone-ka iyo iska caabbinta ultraviolet-ka; ② Dabacsanaan heerkul hooseeya oo wanaagsan.
⑵Qasaarooyinka shaabadaysan ee silikoon:
①Dib-u-qurxin liidata oo aan la rinjiyeyn karin; ②Awood yar oo jeexitaan ah; ③Awood saliid oo aan ku filnayn; ④Aan daloolin karin; ⑤Lakabka dhejiska si fudud ayuu u soo saaraa dheecaan saliid leh oo wasakheeya shubka, dhagaxa iyo walxaha kale ee dabacsan.
2.2 Faa'iidooyinka iyo Khasaarooyinka Shaabadaha Polyurethane
⑴Faa'iidooyinka shaabadaysan ee polyurethane:
① Ku dhegid wanaagsan oo loo sameeyo noocyo kala duwan oo substrate ah; ② Dabacsanaan heer-kul hoose oo heer sare ah; ③ Dabacsanaan wanaagsan iyo sifooyin soo kabasho oo aad u fiican, oo ku habboon kala-goysyada firfircoon; ④ Xoog farsamo oo sarreeya, iska caabin heer sare ah oo xirasho, iska caabin saliid iyo iska caabin gabowga bayoolojiga; ⑤ Inta badan shaabadeeyayaasha polyurethane ee qoyaanka daaweeya waa kuwo aan lahayn dareere mana laha wax wasakh ah oo ku dhaca substrate-ka iyo deegaanka; ⑥ Dusha sare ee shaabadeeyaha waa la rinjiyeyn karaa oo si fudud loo isticmaali karaa.
1. Qasaarooyinka shaabadaysan ee polyurethane:
① Marka lagu bogsado jawi heerkul sare iyo qoyaan sare leh xawaare aad u dheereeya, xumbo ayaa si fudud loo soo saaraa, taas oo saameysa waxqabadka shaabadeeyaha; ② Marka lagu xidho oo lagu xidho qaybaha substrate-ka aan daloolada lahayn (sida galaaska, birta, iwm.), guud ahaan waxaa loo baahan yahay rinji aasaasi ah; ③ Qaacidda midabka ayaa u nugul gabowga UV, xasilloonida kaydinta ee kooladana si weyn ayay u saamaysaa baakadaha iyo xaaladaha dibadda; ④ Iska caabbinta kulaylka iyo iska caabbinta gabowga ayaa si yar ugu filan.
2.3 Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka shaabadaha polyurethane ee silane-ka wax laga beddelay
⑴Faa'iidooyinka shaabadeeyaha polyurethane ee silane wax laga beddelay:
① Daawaynta ma soo saarto xumbo; ② Waxay leedahay dabacsanaan wanaagsan, iska caabin biyo-shiidis iyo xasillooni iska caabin kiimiko; ③ Iska caabin cimilo oo aad u fiican, iska caabin kulaylka, iska caabin gabowga, xasilloonida kaydinta alaabta; ④ La qabsi ballaaran oo ku habboon substrate-ka, marka la isku xidho Guud ahaan, looma baahna rinjiye; ⑤Dusha sare waa la rinjiyeyn karaa.
1. Qasaarooyinka shaabadeynta polyurethane ee silane wax laga beddelay:
① Iska caabbinta UV-gu ma fiicna sida shaabadaysan silikoon; ② Iska caabbinta jeexjeexa ayaa wax yar ka sii daran tan shaabadaysanka polyurethane.
2.4 Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka shaabadaha polyether-ka ee silil-ka ah
⑴Faa'iidooyinka shaabadaysan oo silil ah oo la joojiyay:
① Waxay leedahay sifooyin isku xidhnaan oo aad u fiican oo ku habboon inta badan substrate-ka waxayna gaari kartaa isku xidhnaan firfircoon oo aan lahayn primer; ② Waxay leedahay iska caabin kulayl iyo iska caabin gabowga UV oo ka wanaagsan polyurethane-ka caadiga ah; ③ Waxaa lagu rinjiyeyn karaa dushiisa.
1. Qasaarooyinka shaabadaysan ee polyether-ka ah ee silil-ka la joojiyay:
① Iska caabbinta cimiladu ma fiicna sida silicone silicone, dildilaacyadana waxay ka soo muuqdaan dusha sare ka dib marka ay gaboobaan; ② Ku dhegga muraayadda waa mid liita.
Hordhaca kor ku xusan, waxaan leenahay faham hordhac ah oo ku saabsan hababka daaweynta ee dhowr nooc oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo oo ah shaabado laastikada ah oo hal-qayb ah, iyadoo la barbar dhigayo faa'iidooyinkooda iyo khasaarooyinkooda, waxaan ku gaari karnaa faham guud oo ku saabsan badeecad kasta. Codsiyada wax ku oolka ah, shaabadaha waxaa lagu dooran karaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladaha dhabta ah ee codsiga qaybta isku xidhka si loo gaaro shaabad wanaagsan ama isku xidhka qaybta codsiga.
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-15-2023